Expert systems in physics: Methodology and application

This paper deals with the expert systems, primarily their methodology but also the application. In order to produce reasoning, expert systems are based on logic which provides a systematic framework that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. Propositional logic is basic human logic which as such can be expressed in the form of syllogism, greatest Aristotle's invention in logic. Basically, it consists of three elements: premise 1, premise 2, and conclusion. This form is used as a template for the basic structural element of expert systems, a "rule." Through rules, we implemented expert knowledge and experience in the expert systems resulting in quantitative and qualitative improvement of analysis of measured data in different areas of physics (atomic, molecular, and nuclear). In the paper, we have also demonstrated a developed methodology that is essentially based on the process of identification and classification of peaks, which results in the reduction of the time needed for analysis of spectra. At the same time, the methodology described permits identification of peaks whose intensities are of the order of noise and which remain unidentified when using classical analysis. (C) 2016 Physics Essays Publication.