Lymphocyte subpopulations and their activation state were studied in the blood and nasal polyps of 23 patients receiving nasal polypectomy. Polypectomy was performed under local anaesthesia, and polyp cells were gently teased out using hypodermic needles, before filtration. The majority of epithelial cells were then removed by density gradient centrifugation through a Percoll solution of density 1.04 g/ml. Following immunofluorescence labelling, flow cytometric analysis of blood and polyp lymphocytes was performed. Nasal polyp T cells have an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio due to a relative excess of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, nasal polyps contain chronically activated T cells, with an excess of memory CD45RO+ T cells. Allergic and non-allergic polyps from asthmatics contain similiar T cell populations and activation, but allergic polyps contain an excess of CD23+ B cells.