The new monotypic family Uraloptysmatidae (Protomeropina) is erected based on the single species Uraloptysma maculatum gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Permian locality Chekarda. Unique preservation of the material has made it possible to describe in detail the head, wings, body and male genitalia. The new family is related to the fossil caddisflies of the family Microptysmatidae and along with the latter belongs to the oldest members of the order Trichoptera.