The educator needs to be educated: reflections on the political pedagogy of Marx, Lenin and Habermas

This essay examines one of the most intractable pedagogical problems of the Marxian revolutionary tradition: who will educate the educator and how ought the learning process to proceed. The solutions of Marx, Lenin and Habermas are critically examined towards the clarification of the emancipatory learning process. This learning process has three components: enlightenment, empowerment and emancipatory collective action. Lessons are drawn for our own time.