Results of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy using a quadripolar left ventricular lead

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a well-established therapeutic for the treatment of patients with heart failure. CRT reverses remodelling of the dilated left ventricle (LV) and reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure, prolonged electrical delay, and impaired systolic function receiving optimal pharmacological therapy, enhancing the functional class and reducing the symptoms and morbidity, mortality and hospitalization. The proportion of patients who do not respond to CRT is estimated at about 20-40%, according to some studies associated to a not insignificant complication rate, such as dislocation and phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS). Recent studies suggest that CRT with a quadripolar left ventricular (LV) lead results in excellent pacing thresholds, low rates of dislocation, PNS and improvement in cardiac output at short-term and at medium-term follow-up. Finally, it will be necessary quadripolar LV lead randomized trials comparing conventional bipolar catheter to assess the efficacy, complications and cost-effectiveness.