Quantum Cryptography: A Comprehensive Survey

Quantum cryptography is one of the most prominent fields in modern world of information security. Quantum cryptography is considered to be a future replica of classical cryptography along with a vital stance to break existing classical cryptography. Quantum computers innovated by a Canadian D-wave company in collaboration with Google, NSA and Martin Lockheed seems to possess strong computational power as compared to existing machines. This shows that if successfully implemented, it is expected that in future classical cryptographic algorithms including RSA will be broken and sensitive information will become insecure. In this survey paper firstly motivations behind the innovation of quantum cryptography and existing quantum protocols for information security are described. Then the existing hardware of quantum computer are discussed. After that some active research areas in quantum physics are discussed. Finally a comparison of existing trends in quantum cryptography in terms of existing quantum products by different manufacturers is performed.