PLACE THE C. JUNG IN A PHILOSOPHICAL REFLEXION OF THE MYTH

The article focuses on the theoretical grounds for mythology interpretation within C. Jung's philosophy. The article analyses the archetype concept by this Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher, as well as theories of myth of the end of XIX century to define specific features of interpretation of myth in the context of philosophical views of C. Jung. The article is divided in two parts. The first part of article provides analysis of mythology interpretation theories of the European schools, developed at the beginning of the XX century. The second part focuses on analysis of the philosophical concept of myth by C. Jung. Retrospective analysis of the theory of myth of the end of XIX and the beginning of XX century determines myth as a psycho-social phenomenon. This fact is proved by the J. G. Frazer's rite theory, described in the first part of the article, and the theory of collective representations by D. E. Durkheim. These theories try to step away from the most ancient attempts of rational understanding of myth. New interpretations treat mythology not as a mere personification of natural phenomena, but as a socially and psychologically conditioned formation. Mythology was created in response to social requirements of not only a certain individual, but rather the society as a whole. Whatever myth is - a social norm or the earliest way of learning the World - within those theories it was display of consciousness. Jung took a brand new step in development of philosophical mythology. Within his philosophy, myth is considered in the light of constituents of its structure: collective unconscious and archetype's nature. Jung's philosophy gave a new look at the question of myth nature. The opinion firmed up that the question of myth's essence cannot be answered without addressing its tight connection with unconscious, as well as dynamic activities in deep unconscious layers of human mentality. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that the approach to mythology interpretation within Carl Jung's concept differs from previous, historically limited approaches to the myth which interpreted it mainly as a way of learning and description of natural phenomena, personification of nature, and regulation of social processes. The conclusion is drawn that specific features of understanding mythology within C. Jung's concept are much deeper. Mythology is not just an original way of learning the World in the form of concrete and sensual images, but an underlying and human-inherent way of processing archetypes.