A new histological evaluation method to detect residual ophthalmic viscosurgical devices for cataract surgery

Purpose: To establish a new evaluation method to quantify residual ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) volume and corneal endothelium adhesion properties for phacoemulsification surgery. Methods: We compared the performance of four OVDs (Viscoat (R), Healon5 (R), Healon (R) and DisCoVisc (R)) using porcine eyes. First, OVDs were mixed with fluorescent-conjugated dextrans to render them visible under the microscope. A corneal side port was opened, followed by a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, and a corneal tunnel incision was made. OVDs were injected, then the lens was removed using one-handed phacoemulsification. After this procedure, the anterior segment of the eye was isolated via an equatorial incision and the tissue was immediately frozen in shimmering liquid nitrogen. Sagittal slices (20 um) were cut with a Cryostat from limbus to limbus. Every tenth slide was imaged using a fluorescent microscope with a CCD camera. We evaluated the percentage of the corneal endothelium covered by each OVD as the OVD adhesion to corneal endothelium ratio (OAE ratio) and the volume of residual OVD in the anterior chamber. Results: Viscoat (R) showed significantly higher endothelium coverage compared with both Healon (R) and DisCoVisc (R). A statistically larger volume of Healon5 (R) remained in the anterior chamber compared with Healon (R) and DisCoVisc (R). Conclusion: The new evaluation methods used here provide precise quantitative analysis of OAE ratio and residual OVD volume. These results show that Viscoat (R) and Healon5 (R) have a high potential for coating the corneal endothelium during phacoemulsification and aspiration surgery.