ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CONTROL OF CRYSTAL-GROWTH - FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS AND ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS

The fundamental steps involved in an electrochemical reaction are reviewed with respect to their role in crystallization at the electrode surface. The reaction system is seen to be sensitive to the flow environment and the nature of the electrode surface. The electrode potential can influence many features including reaction rate, chemical and phase composition, the extent of adsorption, orientation and texture. Aspects of electrocrystallization are illustrated by considering cases of metal deposition. Particular emphasis is placed upon the development of surface roughness and the formation of metal powders during copper deposition from aqueous acid sulphate solutions.