Thoracolumbar fractures. Minimally invasive anterior stabilization

The article outlines the current knowledge about minimally invasive anterior surgery for stabilization of thoracolumbar fractures. With the use of minimally invasive or endoscopic techniques, all areas of the thoracolumbar spine can be addressed surgically with outcomes comparable to those with standard open procedures. Thoracoscopic and thoracoscopic-assisted surgery are well-proven methods for treating the spine from T4 to L2. Typically, an incision of the diaphragm is necessary to reach the spine below T12. Additionally, the lumbar spine can be reached using minimally invasive retroperitoneal approaches. Laparoscopic and retroperitoneo-scopic approaches have shown no advantages. Minimally invasive surgery reduces postoperative pain and improves cosmetic results compared with open procedures; however, the total complication rate has not been significantly reduced so far. Minimally invasive anterior stabilization of thoracolumbar fractures is safe and effective. Full endoscopic techniques have no advantages compared with endoscopic-assisted approaches.