THE LEGITIMATE CAUSES OF VIOLENCE IN THOMAS AQUINAS' POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

In this article we propose a division of legitimate causes of violence in Aquinas' philosophy. There are four actors which can be subject to violence when acting against rightful principles: the persons, the rulers, the laws and the other states. Lawful violence against individuals is carried through coercion. A bad ruler is a tyrant and should be overthrown. Inadequate laws, if not changed, oblige to disobedience. Evil governing entities demand a violent response by war. The basis of consenting to violence is the fact that the evil doer requires it, for himself and for restoring the order and peace. Aquinas' texts do not incite to violence, but describe the consequences of evil acts. Their purpose is to frighten and to compel in acting rightfully.