Age at Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anaemia in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Sickle cell anaemia is the most common genetic disorder worldwide as well as in Nigeria. Delay in the diagnosis of the condition constitutes an important cause of concern for caretakers of affected children. Objective: To determine the age at diagnosis in a population of children with sickle cell anaemia in Lagos, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was conducted between October and December 2009 at the sickle cell clinic of the Department of Paediatrics of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos in South west Nigeria. By convenience sampling, a total of 192 children with sickle cell anaemia aged six months to 15 years were interviewed with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Results: Overall, the mean age at confirmation of haemoglobin genotype was 27.33 months (+/- 26. 36 months). The mean age at diagnosis was significantly lower among males than females (25.59 +/- 27.74 Vs. 29.14 +/- 24.85, p = 0.04). A quarter of the children were diagnosed before infancy and three-quarters before three years of age. Upper social stratum and small family size were significantly associated with earlier diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia. Conclusion: Too few subjects are diagnosed in infancy. Routine screening should ideally be done at birth and neonatal period or at the latest, between six and nine months.