The role of lipids in the genesis of renal disease has received increased attention. We describe the presence of anti-low-density lipoprotein immunofluorescence at the site of renal injury found by light microscopy. This may offer immunohistologic evidence for a potential role of this atherogenic lipid in the genesis of renal disease and glomerulosclerosis. Furthermore, we describe the contribution of cholesterol in early renal disease and markers for malnutrition in the dialytic management of end-stage renal disease. Interventional strategies, including vasoactive agents present and future, are presented. © 1993, National Kidney Foundation. All rights reserved. All rights reserved.