Small-Cell Wireless Backhaul and Access Networks: Realistic Modeling and Holistic Analysis

This paper presents a detailed analysis of a dense outdoor 4G small-cell backhaul and access networks using advanced simulation and design tools in a realistic urban environment. First, the RAN is simulated and analyzed. The deployment of a dense small-cell layer leads to a 504% capacity increase (to 332 Mbps/km(2)) compared to the macro-only network but also to a 199% power consumption rise. The impact of traffic demand variations in space and along the day is further analyzed in terms of user experience and EMF exposure. Then, to support this RAN topology, the backhaul network performance and design to wirelessly connect the 124 small-cells is investigated. A hybrid approach, combining LoS V-band Point-to-Point and NLoS sub-6GHz Point-to-MultiPoint technologies, is shown to be suitable and scalable. The resulting backhaul network provides the required throughputs and allow for future traffic demand growth and network upgrades.