The article ponders the problematic issue of racism in Cuba during these past decades, and presents capital issues that are part of the debate on the integration racial identities in Cuba. From an anthropological perspective, Fernandez Robaina reviews the social issues that exemplify the complexities of racial integration in the history of the Island in order to relate them to the political practices that have taken place in recent years, not only in Cuba, but also in other Latin American countries, in relation to the challenges of multiculturalism.