Energy management method for microgrids based on improved Stackelberg game real-time pricing model

With the rapid development of microgrids with distributed generations (DGs) and energy storage system (ESS), it is important to study energy management methods to improve the operation economy of microgrids. However, there is currently a lack of research on microgrid's energy management models including multi-party groups such as wind turbines, photovoltaics and ESS. This paper proposed an energy trading management method of microgrids based on Stackelberg game real-time pricing mechanism, which can solve the more complex optimization operation problem of microgrids. First, the rolling optimization was carried out to determine the charging and discharging behavior of ESS for maximizing the total benefit microgrid in the next few time slots. Further, a Stackelberg game real-time pricing model was built. The electricity prices of different entities in the microgrid in the next time slot were optimized by microgrid operator (MGO) to determine the load demand of each DG, preference parameter in the utility function of DGs was improved to promote the internal energy interaction and the economic benefits of the microgrid. Finally, the results show that our method can effectively improve DGs' total utility and stimulate energy trading within the microgrid. Compared with no optimization and traditional method, the daily profit of MGO obtained by our method was increased by 31.89% and 5.4% respectively, verifying the economics of the proposed method.& COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).