Incretins Role in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by the decreased responsiveness of tissues to insulin known as Insulin resistance. There may also be Insulin secretary defects in advanced stages. The insulin secretion is initiated by incretins, the two intestinal hormones namely, Glucose dependant Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) & Glucagon like Polypeptide1(GLP-1). They are secreted when food enters the stomach. These hormones are shown to be reduced in T2DM. Hence, the probable role of Incretins in the pathophysiology of T2DM is reviewed here. Many number of studies have been undertaken on the physiology of Incretins and their role in causation of type2 diabetes mellitus. The literature analysis and compilation of results is given here. The level of incretins are much reduced in type 2 diabetes mellitus leading on to reduction in the secretion of insulin and elevation in the level of glucagon. Incretins are necessary to prevent the occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.