Update on the Management of Pediatric Acute Otitis Media

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric infection that is typically managed in the outpatient setting. While Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common bacterial cause, other organisms including viruses can cause AOM. The American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians recently released an updated clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of AOM. First-line antibiotic treatment for AOM is amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate, and alternative agents include cephalosporins and clindamycin. Pharmacists are in a key position to improve outcomes for children with AOM by recommending appropriate therapy, monitoring for adverse effects, and ensuring adherence to the immunization schedule.