SLEEP-APNEA SYNDROME IN CHILDREN

Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in children has been identified only recently. Its incidence is unknown but seems to be rising. The cause is usually an obstruction (enlarged tonsils) that alters the fragile physiologic mechanisms responsible for maintaining the upper airways open when the child is sleeping. Diagnosis of SAS rests on clinical findings. The parents should be questioned as to the frequency over time of the various symptoms, of which most occur during the night : snoring, difficult breathing, respiratory pauses. Sleep polygraphy studies are indicated only in specific situations. The main cause is enlargement of the adenoids and tonsils. Cardiovascular complications may develop ; weight gain and statural growth, psychomotor development and development of the face may be altered. Chronic snoring without apneas should be considered as a form of SAS. Treatment rests mainly on surgery (removal of the adenoids and tonsils).