VARIATION IN GIVING-UP DENSITIES OF FORAGING CHIPMUNKS (TAMIAS-STRIATUS) AND SQUIRRELS (SCIURUS-CAROLINENSIS)

被引:74
作者
BOWERS, MA [1 ]
JEFFERSON, JL [1 ]
KUEBLER, MG [1 ]
机构
[1] UNIV VIRGINIA, BLANDY EXPTL FARM, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA
关键词
D O I
10.2307/3544809
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
We measured daily giving up densities (GUDs) of chipmunks and squirrels foraging for sunflower seeds embedded in a sand matrix over a ten week period. Our objective was to account for the variation in GUDs attributable to habitat, species, and rarely measured effects involving time (day sequence), temperature and site-to-site differences in forager densities. Results showed GUDs to be higher for: 1) open sites than under canopy; 2) a chipmunk only treatment than one with chipmunks + squirrels; 3) sites with few than many foragers; and 4) later than earlier periods of the study, particularly for the chipmunk only treatment on hot days. We attribute habitat related differences in GUDs to predation hazard that may be high in the open and lower under tree canopy, and species differences to body size and/or whether foragers were eating seeds directly or caching them. Multivariate analyses of foraging behavior, while not as focused as the more typical one-factor studies, provide an a posteriori means of understanding foraging in much of its complexity.
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页码:229 / 236
页数:8
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