TURBULENT-FLOW IN A DEPTH-LIMITED BOUNDARY-LAYER

The effect of roughness density on velocity profile shape factors, energy dissipation, and streamwise kinetic energy confirmed the existence of 3 types of roughness density-flow interaction, namely, 'skimming,' 'wake interaction,' and 'isolated roughness' flows. The velocity profiles and kinetic energy measures identified 3 layers in the vertical profile: an outer layer, a wake layer and an inner region. The wake layer is produced by strong turbulent action accompanying vortex shedding at intermediate roughness densities. Implications of these results are discussed for the study of shallow, natural flows with high relative roughness.- from Authors