LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITY OF AUTOIMMUNE ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES IS DEPENDENT UPON BETA-2-GLYCOPROTEIN-I

It has been reported that antiphospholipid autoantibodies do not recognize phospholipid alone, but rather the plasma protein beta-2-glycoprotein I (beta-2GPI), or a beta-2GPI-phospholipid complex. In vitro beta-2GPI binds to anionic phospholipids and inhibits the prothrombinase activity of procoagulant membranes. In light of the fact that lupus anticoagulants, a type of antiphospholipid antibody, have similar anticoagulant properties, the relationship of beta-2GPI to lupus anticoagulant activity was investigated. IgG from patients with autoimmune diseases or syphilis were tested for anticardiolipin reactivity and lupus anticoagulant activity in the presence and absence of beta-2GPI. As expected, anticardiolipin reactivity associated with autoimmune disease was beta-2GPI dependent. In contrast, IgG from a patient with syphilis recognized cardiolipin alone and binding was inhibited by beta-2GPI. Autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies prolonged the dilute Russell viper venom time of normal plasma, but had no effect on beta-2GPI-depleted plasma. Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with syphilis had no anticoagulant effect. RP-1, an anti-beta-2GPI mAb, had anticoagulant effects similar to those of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies. These data demonstrate that antiphospholipid autoantibodies exert lupus anticoagulant activity via an interaction with beta-2GPI. These antibodies and RP-1 appear to amplify the anticoagulant effect of beta-2GPI itself.