Sperm disturbances in metabolic syndrome: what we actually know

Male hypogonadism is considered a fundamental component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the data concerning sperm quality in men with MetS are still scarce. The role of MetS in male fertility is poorly investigated owing to the fact that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and peaks at the time when reproductive plans of couples are already accomplished. However, the worldwide trend towards a younger age of MetS development, owing to the increase in obesity, and the tendency for reproduction later in life could aggravate the influence of the metabolic disturbances on male reproduction. The present article is an important step in the study of the interrelations between MetS and subfertility.