Evaluation of Selected Prognostic Factors in Dental Implant Treatment - Two-Year Follow-Up

Background. Missing teeth is a social problem that affects the vast majority of the human population. The lack of dentition can be rehabilitated in a few ways: by removable prostheses, fixed prostheses (crowns, bridges) or appliances based on dental implants (crowns, bridges, overdentures). The use of implants as a foundation for prosthetic replacement of missing teeth is predictable and has a high success rate. It has become widespread nowadays. Therefore, it is essential to determine the risk factors in dental implantology. Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected prognostic factors for bone loss around the dental implants in a two-year follow-up. Material and Methods. The survey included 93 implants placed in 31 patients. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was assessed radiographically around implants using intraoral parallel technique with film holder and bite recording material at the moment of loading, after 12 and 24 months of follow-up. In this analysis a computer program Dental Studio (R) 2.0 was used. Such prediction factors as patient's age, gender, smoking habit, implant length and diameter, latency period, insertion torque, augmentation procedures, type of prosthetic appliance, site of implantation, type of implant system were analyzed. Results. There was no statistical significance regarding gender, smoking habit, implant diameter and length, latency period, insertion torque, augmentation procedures, implantation site, type of implant system. A correlation was found between MBL and patient's age and type of prosthesis. Conclusions. The type of prosthodontic restoration is essential for a reduction of marginal bone loss in alveolar crest in the population of patients treated by dental implants. In the first 12 months after loading, the loss of bone around implants is higher in younger patients