FORMAL INDICATION, PHILOSOPHY, AND THEOLOGY: BONHOEFFER'S CRITIQUE OF HEIDEGGER

This paper examines Heidegger's account of the proper relation between philosophy and theology, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer's critique thereof. Part I outlines Heidegger's proposal for this relationship in his lecture "Phenomenology and Theology," where he suggests that philosophy might aid theology by means of 'formal indication.' In that context Heidegger never articulates what formal indication is, so Part II exposits this obscure notion by looking at its treatment in Heidegger's early lecture courses, as well as its roots in Husserl. Part III presents Bonhoeff er's theological response, which challenges Heidegger's attempt to maintain a neutral ontology that remains unaffected by both sin and faith.