In order to clarify the antithrombogenic mechanism of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-styrene ABA type block copolymer which has microdomain-structured surfaces, shape and cytological changes of rat platelets adhered to the polymer surfaces in vitro were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and polystyrene with homogeneous surfaces were used for control polymers. Platelets which adhered to the homogeneous surfaces underwent aggregation and cytological changes such as release of alpha-granules and dense bodies as well as extensions of the open canalicular system. On the other hand, platelets which adhered to the microdomain-structured surfaces were round, and were observed to retain organella such as alpha-granules and mitochondria.