Periodontal disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Associations with glycemic control and complications: An Indian perspective

Aim: To evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with diabetic metabolic control, duration and complications. Materials and methods: A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment loss) in a group of diabetic patients versus a group of non-diabetics (n = 20). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal parameters and degree of metabolic control, the duration of the disease and the appearance of complications. Results: Diabetics had greater bleeding index (p < 0.001), probing pocket depth (p < 0.001) and clinical attachment level (p = 0.001). Patients diagnosed for diabetes for shorter duration of time (4-7 years) showed bleeding index-disease severity correlation to be 1.760 +/- 0.434. Conclusion: Patients with type 1 diabetes have increased periodontal disease susceptibility. Periodontal inflammation is greatly increased in subjects with longer disease course, poor metabolic control and diabetic complications. (C) 2013 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.