Guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention and management of chemical- and radiation-induced cystitis

Objective: Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a relatively common complication of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the pelvic area, but can be a challenging condition to treat, particularly since there is currently a lack of UK-led guidelines available on how it should optimally be defined and managed. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was undertaken to evaluate the evidence for the diagnosis, prevention and management of cancer treatment-induced HC. Results: Recommendations and a proposed management algorithm for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of HC, as well as the management of intractable haematuria, have been developed based on the expert opinion of the multi-disciplinary consensus panel following a comprehensive review of the available clinical data. Conclusion: These guidelines are relevant and applicable to current clinical practice and will help clinicians optimally define and manage this potentially serious condition.