Industrial sand is used as raw materials in glass industries, foundry, ceramic, chemical, paint, plastics and many others. The Brazilian largest reserves are located in the states of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais. The largest deposits and operating mines in Sao Paulo State are located in the Analandia and Descalvado municipalities. The aim of this paper is to characterize the segment of industrial sand countrywide emphasizing the spatial distribution of reserves, the level of production and production facilities, and both the technological and environmental challenges related to sand mining and processing. It also includes estimates for the industrial sand production from 2012 to 2030 and compares to the existing reserves. The desire to know the main challenges and prospects of industrial sand production in Brazil has guided the research presented in this article.