Acute and chronic hypoxia: implications for cerebral function and exercise tolerance

被引:52
作者
Goodall, Stuart [1 ]
Twomey, Rosie [2 ]
Amann, Markus [3 ]
机构
[1] Northumbria Univ, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
[2] Univ Brighton, Sch Sport & Serv Management, Eastbourne, Eastbourne, England
[3] Univ Utah, Dept Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA
关键词
brain; exercise; hypoxia; muscle; oxygen;
D O I
10.1080/21641846.2014.909963
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
Purpose: To outline how hypoxia profoundly affects neuronal functionality and thus compromises exercise performance. Methods: Investigations were reviewed and evaluated that used electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to detect neuronal changes at rest and those studying fatiguing effects on whole-body exercise performance in acute (AH) and chronic hypoxia (CH). Results: At rest during very early hypoxia (< 1-h), slowing of cerebral neuronal activity is evident despite no change in corticospinal excitability. As time in hypoxia progresses (3-h), increased corticospinal excitability becomes evident; however, changes in neuronal activity are unknown. Prolonged exposure (3-5 d) causes a respiratory alkalosis which modulates Na+ channels, potentially explaining reduced neuronal excitability. Locomotor exercise in AH exacerbates the development of peripheral fatigue; as the severity of hypoxia increases, mechanisms of peripheral fatigue become less dominant and CNS hypoxia becomes the predominant factor. The greatest central fatigue in AH occurs when SaO2 is <= 75%, a level that coincides with increasing impairments in neuronal activity. CH does not improve the level of peripheral fatigue observed in AH; however, it attenuates the development of central fatigue paralleling increases in cerebral O-2 availability and corticospinal excitability. Conclusions: The attenuated development of central fatigue in CH might explain the improvements in locomotor exercise performance commonly observed after acclimatisation to high altitude.
引用
收藏
页码:73 / 92
页数:20
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