Ecological restoration and creation: A review

A European-wide review of habitat restoration and creation is presented which identifies the substantial loss of habitats and the increasing fragmentation and isolation of those that remain as the key raison d'etre for initiatives to rehabilitate and re-establish habitats. Progress in this is exemplified by reference to the reinstatement of traditional management, the problems associated with reducing loadings, and the control of invasive alien species. Habitat repair after damaging activities is illustrated through discussion of advances in dwarf-shrub heath and grassland re-establishment. It is concluded that a wealth of knowledge is now available on which to base appropriate action, and that, provided the desired species persist, restoration is, to some extent, achievable. Some of the principles involved in habitat creation are outlined. Provided these are observed, such establishment can play a vital role in nature conservation, although there is scope for more innovative schemes and basic research into some of the issues involved. (C) 1995 The Linnean Society of London