MODELING THE TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR OF ICE

A four element non-linear viscoelastic model was recently introduced to depict the primary and secondary creep stages of ice, under relatively low stress levels, in agreement with available experimental data. This model, representing a hereditary constitutive law, was used in the analysis of viscoelastic columns. This paper deals with an improved non-linear viscoelastic uniaxial model describing all three creep stages of ice, including the primary, secondary and tertiary stage. The model handles continuous variation in stress at a particular (constant) temperature. Tensile strain/stress cut-offs are built into the model to simulate the brittle behavior of ice in tension. The model and the solution technique, is applied to the time-deflection-behavior of an imperfect ice column. Refs.