Effect of hiatal hernia on esophageal manometry and pH-metry in gastroesophageal reflux disease

An increased frequency of reflux events and a prolonged acid clearance have been shown in gastroesophageal reflux (GER) patients with a hiatal hernia as compared to those without. The objective of the present study was to further investigate esophageal motility and patterns of reflux in GER patients, in relation to the presence or absence of hiatal hernia. Esophageal manometry and ambulatory 24-hr esophageal pH-metry were used in 42 patients with GER and 18 controls. Eighteen of the patients were considered to have a nonreducing hiatal hernia on endoscopy. Hiatal hernia patients showed a higher extent of reflux (total composite scare, P = 0.016; total reflux time, P = 0.008, reflux time in supine position, P = 0.024; reflux time in upright position, P = 0.008), a lower frequency of reflux events (P = 0.005), a more severe esophagitis on endoscopy (P < 0.01) and a lower amplitude of peristalsis at 5 cm proximal to LES (P = 0.0009) as compared to patients without hiatal hernia, The amplitude of peristalsis at the distal esophagus was inversely related to the extent of reflux (P = 0.024). Acid clearance was also significantly prolonged in the hernia subgroup (P = 0.011), Although LES resting pressure did not differ significantly between the two subgroups of patients, it was inversely related to the extent of reflux in the patients with hiatal hernia (P = 0.0005). It is concluded, that GER patients with hiatal hernia present with an increased amount of reflux and more severe esophagitis, which results in more severely impaired esophageal peristalsis as compared to patients without hernia. Prolonged acid clearance and impaired esophageal emptying observed in patients with hiatal hernia could be the result of both the presence of the hernia itself and the reduced peristaltic activity of the esophagus.