Failsafe systems, which control potentially hazardous operations to ensure they are shut down if faults occur, have in the past traditionally been hard-wired installations. But there are serious drawbacks to the hard-wiring approach-an inherent inflexibility, and lack of data communications facilities, to name but two. These are prompting a growing move towards using specialised systems based on programmable logic controllers (PLCs) that are tailor-made for failsafe applications.