Modern X ray image intensifier-TV systems are now commonly permanently coupled to a digital image processing unit for real-time weighted frame averaging and last image hold during fluoroscopy. The problem of carrying out meaningful threshold contrast-detail diameter tests on systems of this type is discussed. A numerical model of the frame averaging process, which includes the effects of the observer and the analogue components of the system is developed and experimentally verified. The importance of the persistence of the analogue components of the system to its performance is discussed.