Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides in Vibrios

被引:23
作者
Destoumieux-Garzon, Delphine [1 ]
Duperthuy, Marylise [2 ]
Vanhove, Audrey Sophie [1 ]
Schmitt, Paulina [3 ]
Wai, Sun Nyunt [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD,Ecol Coastal Marine Syst, Pl Eugene Bataillon,CC80, F-34095 Montpellier, France
[2] Umea Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Lab Mol Infect Med Sweden MIMS, S-90187 Umea, Sweden
[3] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Inst Biol, Lab Genet & Inmunol Mol, Valparaiso 2373223, Chile
来源
ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL | 2014年 / 3卷 / 04期
关键词
vibrio; lipopolysaccharide; outer membrane vesicle; membrane transporter; innate immunity; defensin; cathelicidin; bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein;
D O I
10.3390/antibiotics3040540
中图分类号
R51 [传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
Vibrios are associated with a broad diversity of hosts that produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as part of their defense against microbial infections. In particular, vibrios colonize epithelia, which function as protective barriers and express AMPs as a first line of chemical defense against pathogens. Recent studies have shown they can also colonize phagocytes, key components of the animal immune system. Phagocytes infiltrate infected tissues and use AMPs to kill the phagocytosed microorganisms intracellularly, or deliver their antimicrobial content extracellularly to circumvent tissue infection. We review here the mechanisms by which vibrios have evolved the capacity to evade or resist the potent antimicrobial defenses of the immune cells or tissues they colonize. Among their strategies to resist killing by AMPs, primarily vibrios use membrane remodeling mechanisms. In particular, some highly resistant strains substitute hexaacylated Lipid A with a diglycine residue to reduce their negative surface charge, thereby lowering their electrostatic interactions with cationic AMPs. As a response to envelope stress, which can be induced by membrane-active agents including AMPs, vibrios also release outer membrane vesicles to create a protective membranous shield that traps extracellular AMPs and prevents interaction of the peptides with their own membranes. Finally, once AMPs have breached the bacterial membrane barriers, vibrios use RND efflux pumps, similar to those of other species, to transport AMPs out of their cytoplasmic space.
引用
收藏
页码:540 / 563
页数:24
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