Two new and related species, Astragalus rupertii and A. pomphocalyx, are proposed as new. They differ from all known taxa of Mexican Astragali mainly by the globose- or suboblong-urceolate calyx, suboblong inflated pod, and number of ovules. Astragalus rupertii differs from A. pomphocalyx by its elongated peduncles, loose racemes, and suboblong-urceolate calyx with black hairs. Descriptions, figures, and a key are included.