MEASUREMENT OF 226RA AND 228RA IN WATER BY GAMMA-RAY COUNTING AFTER PRECONCENTRATION ON ION-EXCHANGE RESIN

A rugged resin concentration method followed by gamma counting was developed for measuring Ra-226 and Ra-228 in drinking water. Using typical distribution system pressure, 310 kPa (45 psig), radium in a 20-L sample was concentrated 100-fold onto 200 mL of ion-exchange resin beads that were then sealed in a glass jar for gamma activity measurement. Parameters and materials affecting the concentration step were studied with the objective of maximizing radium recovery in a short time. Empty bed contact times were varied from 0.1-3.0 min (2.0-0.67 mL min-1) and input concentrations of radium were varied from 370-3700 Bq m-3 (10-100 pCi L-1). Varying these parameters did not affect the percentage recovery of radium by the resin. At each empty bed contact time after all adsorbent media were tested, more than 99% of the influent radium was adsorbed. In these experiments, activities were counted for 100 min using a gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with a 3 x 3-inch sodium iodide (thalium-activated) [NaI(Tl)] crystal detector. Activity calculations were based on resin loaded with traceable standard solutions of Ra-226 and Ra-286 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Analyzing entire spectra with a least-squares analysis program resulted in limits of detection for Ra-226 and Ra-228 of 7.4 Bq m-3 (0.2 pCi L-1) and 33.3 Bq m-3 (0.9 pCi L-1), respectively.