2 INTERFEROMETRIC COMPLEMENTARITIES

Two interferometric complementarities are formulated and demonstrated, and relations between them are analyzed. The first relates the distinguishability D(scrP) of the path of propagation of a particle (where scrP is the preparation of an ensemble) to the fringe visibility v1 when amplitudes from two paths are combined. It is shown that [maxD(scrP)]2+v12=1, where the maximum is taken over all preparations compatible with a fixed density operator. The second complementarity relates the visibility of one-particle interference fringes to the visibility v12 of two-particle fringes: v122+v121. With a suitable extension of operations on the pair of particles, this inequality is strengthened to an equality. © 1995 The American Physical Society.