THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV) INHIBITOR 9-(2-PHOSPHONYLMETHOXYETHYL)ADENINE (PMEA) IS A STRONG INDUCER OF DIFFERENTIATION OF SEVERAL TUMOR-CELL LINES

9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) is the prototype compound of a series of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate derivatives endowed with potent and selective anti-retroviral activity in vitro and in vivo. We have now found that PMEA is also a potent inducer of differentiation of a number of tumor cells, including human erythroleukemia K562 cells, rat choriocarcinoma RCHO cells and human acute promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. At 10 mu M PMEA, rat RCHO cell cultures could be almost fully differentiated, and at 50 mu M PMEA, approximately 50% of the K562 cells could be triggered to produce hemoglobin. The differentiating activity of butyric acid was at least partially additive to that of PMEA when both drugs were combined in K562 cell cultures. PMEA needs to be present for at least 2 or 3 days in the K562 cell cultures to achieve optimal differentiating activity. This suggests that either a PMEA metabolite and/or its anti-metabolic effects may be responsible for differentiation of the tumor cells. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.