THE B-TYPE CYCLIN KINASE INHIBITOR P40(SIC1) CONTROLS THE G1 TO S TRANSITION IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE

When yeast cells reach a critical size, they initiate bud formation, spindle pole body duplication, and DNA replication almost simultaneously. All three events depend on activation of Cdc28 protein kinase by the G1 cyclins Cln1, -2, and -3. We show that DNA replication also requires activation of Cdc28 by B-type (Clb) cyclins. A sextuple clb1-6 mutant arrests as multibudded G1 cells that resemble cells lacking the Cdc34 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. cdc34 mutants cannot enter S phase because they fail to destroy p40(SIC1), which is a potent inhibitor of Clb but not Cln forms of the Cdc28 kinase. In wild-type cells, p40(SIC1) protein appears at the end of mitosis and disappears shortly before S phase. Proteolysis of a cyclin-specific inhibitor of Cdc28 is therefore an essential aspect of the G1 to S phase transition.