To reduce the risk of intraoperative metastases and increasing ablastic principles in radical surgical treatment of patients with cancer of the rectum the authors developed a scheme of preoperative treatment including endolymphatic polychemotherapy and UHF-hyperthermia. 5-fluorouracil and platidiam were used in the treatment of 30 patients with different histological types of adenocarcinomas of the rectum (grade III-IV). After treatment the viable epithelial component in the tumour was 26,5% as compared with 44.8% in the control. The effect of treatment was favourable both objectively and subjectively. The treatment was well tolerated.