The Political Ecology of conflicts on wind energy. A case study in Catalonia

The study explores reasons behind conflicts regarding the installation of wind farms in Terra Alta, a rural county in Catalonia. Our study identifies three main causes of conflict. First, and in accordance to the coceptual framework of political ecology, the conflict forms part of a more generalised conflict regarding the "macro-concentration" of energy-generating plants in the south of Catalonia, which produce economic benefits for Catalonia's centre (e.g. Barcelona). Secondly, the landscape impact of wind farm projects clashes with local initiatives that seek to promote landscape as a valuable asset capable of sustaining life in Terra Alta. Finally, power imbalances in the wind energy planning and decision-making system block the inclusion of locally-important values as decision-making criteria and this also generates conflict. For a sustainable development of wind energy, the importance of wind capacity as a principal criterion for deciding wind farm location should be re-considered and the negotiation of benefits' distribution from wind farms should be conducted in the most open and tranparent possible ways.