Range extensions, habitat selection, abundance, and reproduction are detailed for six rare species of prairie rodents in southern Manitoba. The ranges of the Olive-backed Pocket Mouse, Prairie Vole, Northern Grasshopper Mouse, and Western Jumping Mouse are highly localized at this northern periphery of their distribution, with disjunct populations apparently related to the contraction of xeric mixed-grass prairie during the last 6000 years. The Plains Pocket Gopher, a tall-grass prairie species, is found in Canada only in a restricted area south of the Roseau River region, and is surrounded on three sides by populations of the Northern Pocket Gopher. The Fox Squirrel first invaded Canada in the early 1970s and its rapid expansion throughout southern Manitoba and adjacent Saskatchewan is correlated to the increased availability of corn - a favorite and dependable source of food.