Pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma

Pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma are ocular conditions that have been recognized for over 60 years. The distinctive ocular features are iris transillumination defects, krukenberg spindles and trabecular meshwork pigmentation. In this article, we discuss its epidemiology, genetics, distinctive anatomical and clinical features. We also describe the evolving knowledge on the pathogenesis of the disease and anatomical risk factors identified. Newer mouse models of pigment dispersion syndrome are discussed. The treatment role of miotics, laser peripheral iridotomy, laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy are also discussed. Treatment controversies are highlighted. Finally, very recent efforts to explain interocular asymmetry in pigment dispersion syndrome are reviewed.