Review of the Multi-scale Nano-structure Approach to the Development of High Efficiency Solar Cells

The energy crisis is one of the most urgent problem we face today. Among all the different and reliable clean energy sources, solar energy has been getting much attention as a possible solution. However, the use of the solar cell is still limited by two major challenges, conversion efficiency and cost. In this review, recent promising progress in hierarchical nanostructures such as branched nanoforest and nanoporous structures to develop high efficiency solar cells are discussed. One of the major trends in the research into high efficiency solar cells is a focus on new material development. However, smart nano-structuring that enhances the surface area with 2D and 3D hierarchical nanostructures and improved carrier mobility, using the same materials, can further boost cell efficiency.