Institutionally Individualized Volunteering: Towards a Late Modern Re-Construction

In this article, it is argued that the ongoing debate on new and more individualized forms of volunteering is too one-sidedly focused on the processes of de-structuration and deinstitutionalization. Individualization is a complex and ambivalent macro-structural process towards 'institutionally dependent individual situations'. To fully understand the emerging forms of volunteering, we thus need to 'reconstruct beyond de-construction'. The concept of 'institutionally individualized volunteering', developed in this article, induces such a paradigm shift. It refers to the growing institutionalization of more individuated forms of volunteering, that is, to new forms of collective organization based on individual assignment and choice. It is argued that the institutionalization of individualized volunteering occurs through 'primary' and 'secondary' processes of re-structuring. Re-embedding in primary contexts is facilitated by voluntary associations that offer more attractive and flexible volunteering menus to (potential) volunteers. Secondary forms of institutionally individualized volunteering, on the other hand, are emerging as new spaces of fundamental ambivalence. They represent new forms of highly rationalized top-down production of volunteer opportunities in hybrid organizational settings.