CHARGE QUANTIZATION EFFECTS IN NETWORKS OF SMALL CAPACITANCE TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS

Effects of charge quantization have been studied in tunnel junctions with small capacitance. In the normal state the Coulomb blockade, the modulation of conductance by a gate voltage and tunneling across multiple junctions through virtual states are observed. A 'turnstile' device has been developed that transmits exactly one electron in each cycle of an AC-gate voltage. In 2D arrays a charge-anticharge pair unbinding transition is discussed. In arrays of superconducting junctions a phase transition occurs at zero temperature between insulating behavior for high-resistance junctions and superconducting behavior for junction resistances below 14 k-OMEGA.