Prevention of Osteoporosis: Scientific Evidence Supports the Impact of Nutrition on Bone Health

Background: New research provides evidence for the role of nutrition in the prevention of osteoporosis, i.e. for maintenance of bone mass in the elderly and for the stimulation of bone development in the younger. However, the studies are of inconsistent significance since each hypothesis is first tested by cross-sectional studies, then evaluated by longitudinal studies, and finally tested - whenever possible - in intervention trials. Objective: To give an overview of the evidence concerning nutritional research in osteoporosis. Methods: Analysis of the recent literature on osteoporosis and nutritional research from main data bases, mainly from 2000 to 2005. Results: The positive role of calcium and vitamin D for bone health is established, the negative impact of protein deficiency too, while the positive effect of protein on calcium absorption and the secretion of the growth hormone IGF is under examination, as well as the specific action of some aminoacids. In addition, the positive role of Potassium, vitamin K, and other substances are under investigation. Finally, the positive impact of dairy products, as well as of fruits and vegetables can also be demonstrated. In this context, the alkali load seems to be crucial. Conclusion: Nutrition influences bone health throughout life. Not only calcium and vitamin D, but also vitamin K, potassium, certain amino acids, other vitamins and the nutritional alkali load seem to play a positive role.