PHOTOIONIZATION STUDIES OF TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS - IONIZATION-POTENTIALS FOR FEN AND CON

The photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectra for cold iron clusters (Fe6-Fe90) and cobalt clusters (Co3, Co 7-Co92) have been measured using a tunable ultraviolet laser combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Vertical ionization potentials (IPs) assigned from the observed photoionization thresholds decrease rapidly but nonmonotonically for both Fen and Con up to n≅20, beyond which IPs evolve more slowly and smoothly. The measured IPs for both iron and cobalt clusters are lower than those predicted by the conducting spherical droplet model. The evolution of IP with increasing cluster radius R is observed to occur more gradually than the R-1 dependence predicted by this model. This suggests that the Fermi energy for clusters in this size range decreases with increasing cluster size. The shapes of the PIE spectra near threshold are observed to continuously evolve with increasing cluster size, with the smallest clusters displaying photoionization efficiencies which rapidly increase with energy above threshold, and larger clusters displaying spectra with more gradual slopes. It is proposed that this trend reflects the evolution in the density and distribution of low-lying electronic states which occurs with increasing cluster size. © 1990 American Institute of Physics.